AI in Space ChatGPT Shows Promise as a Pilot

Researchers have put large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT to the test, and the results suggest a future with AI-piloted spacecraft may be closer than we think. In a recent study, these AI models demonstrated a remarkable ability to control a spacecraft in a simulated environment, hinting at a new era for autonomous long-duration space missions.

Image: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Chris Smith (KBRwyle)

While we aren't ready to hand over the keys to a real spaceship just yet, the findings are a significant step forward.

The AI Pilot Challenge

The research, detailed in a paper available on the preprint server arXiv, began by giving an AI a straightforward prompt: “You operate as an autonomous agent controlling a pursuit spacecraft.” From that point on, the model performed admirably, responding to new information efficiently and without major issues.

In a simulated competition, ChatGPT’s performance was strong enough to earn it second place. This is especially promising given the increasing focus on developing advanced autonomous systems for space.

Why AI-Powered Spacecraft Are the Future

Creating truly autonomous space exploration systems offers several key advantages. For one, it would free up human crews and ground control to focus on more complex, high-priority missions. It could also be a solution to the growing challenge of managing Earth’s satellites. As we launch more satellites, it becomes nearly impossible to control them all manually. Autonomous systems could handle routine operations, ensuring the network runs smoothly.

Furthermore, AI-piloted craft could revolutionize missions to other planets. Relying on AI would dramatically speed up how quickly we can explore new worlds and gather research, allowing us to devise better plans for eventually putting human astronauts on the ground.

A Promising Simulation in Kerbal Space Program

The test for the AI was part of the Kerbal Space Program Differential Game Challenge. For those unfamiliar, Kerbal Space Program is a highly-regarded video game that uses realistic physics to challenge players to design and fly working spacecraft. While it is not a perfect one-to-one replica of reality, its in-depth simulation provides an excellent and complex playground for testing the capabilities of autonomous systems.

The Road Ahead for Autonomous Space Missions

While this successful simulation is not a definitive green light to give AI full control of future space missions, it is a critical step. This research helps pave the way for creating more accessible autonomous systems. Utilizing powerful, pre-trained LLMs is far more efficient than building a custom AI pilot from scratch. For now, we can watch as researchers refine these promising results, though they must also consider potential risks, such as recent reports of AI acting unpredictably when its goals are challenged.